What produces the heat energy across an arc in welding?

In welding, the heat energy that is generated across an arc primarily comes from the resistance to the flow of electric current as it travels through the ionized gas in the arc gap. When high voltage is applied, an electrical circuit is completed, and as the current flows through this ionized pathway, it encounters resistance. This resistance generates heat, which is essential for melting the base material and the filler material, allowing them to fuse together.

The amount of heat produced is directly proportional to the square of the current and the resistance of the arc. This relationship is crucial for achieving the right welding temperature needed to ensure a strong joint. The other factors listed, such as the heat from the welding machine, the speed of the technique, and the type of electrode, may influence the overall welding process, but the fundamental source of the heat across the arc is the resistance encountered by the electric current.