Which type of welding uses a filler metal that melts and fuses with the base metals?

Arc welding is a welding process that uses an electric arc to generate heat, which melts the filler metal and the base metals being joined. The arc forms between the electrode and the workpiece, providing the intense heat necessary for melting the filler material. As the filler metal melts, it flows into the joint between the base metals, creating a strong bond upon solidification. This process is highly versatile and can be used with various materials and thicknesses.

While gas welding also involves melting metal, it typically uses a gas flame rather than electric arcs, which distinguishes it from arc welding. Resistance welding utilizes heat generated from electrical resistance to join pieces without the addition of filler metal, whereas submerged arc welding, although a type of arc welding, specifically involves the use of a granular flux which covers the weld area to protect it from contamination during the process. However, both arc welding and submerged arc welding share characteristics in that they use an arc to melt the materials, making them closely related. The key aspect that makes arc welding the right choice in this context is its clear use of a filler metal that melts and combines with the base materials.